Fish Oil Research Today is a free monthly online journal that collates and summarizes the latest research about Fish Oil, including details on omega-3, dosage, health benefits, diet.

Current and emerging drugs for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.

Triantafillidis JK, Merikas E, Georgopoulos F

Department of Gastroenterology, Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, "Saint Panteleimon" General Hospital, Nicea, Greece.

During the last decade a large number of biological agents against tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), as well as many biochemical substances and molecules specifically for the medical treatment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), have been developed. This enormous progress was a consequence of the significant advances in biotechnology along with the increased knowledge of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of IBD. However, conventional therapies remain the cornerstone of treatment for most patients. During recent years conventional and biologic IBD therapies have been optimized. Newer mesalazine formulations with a reduced pill size and only one dose per day demonstrate similar efficacy to older formulations. New corticosteroids retain the efficacy of older corticosteroids while exhibiting a higher safety profile. The role of antibiotics and probiotics has been further clarified. Significant progress in understanding thiopurine metabolism has improved the effective dose along with adjunctive therapies. Quite a large number of substances and therapies, including biologic agents other than TNF-α inhibitors, unfractionated or low-molecular-weight heparin, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, microbes and microbial products, leukocytapheresis, and other substances under investigation, could offer important benefits to our patients. In this paper we review the established and emerging therapeutic strategies in patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.

Published 9 May 2011 in Drug Des Devel Ther, 5: 185-210.
Full-text of this article is available online (may require subscription).

Articles on Fish Oil published 9 May 2011:

Consumers' acceptance of innovations in traditional cheese. A comparative study in France and Norway.   Appetite.

This study explores consumers' acceptance of innovations in traditional cheese in France (n=120) and Norway (n=119). The respondents were presented with 16 photographs of a traditional cheese from their respective countries, varying according to six factors: pasteurisation, organic production, omega-3, packaging, price and appropriateness. For each of the scenarios the consumers indicated their willingness to buy the cheese on a nine-point scale. Results show that consumers' willingness to buy ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

Endocannabinoid signaling and energy metabolism: A target for dietary intervention.   Nutrition, 27(6): 624-32.

The endocannabinoid (EC) signaling (ECS) system involves the activation of receptors targeted by endogenously produced ligands called endocannabinoids that trigger specific physiologic events in various organs and tissues throughout the body. ECs are lipid mediators that bind to specific receptors and elicit cell signaling. The focus of this review is to discuss the responses that direct pathways of systemic energy metabolism. Recent findings have indicated that an imbalance of the ECS ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

Articles on Fish Oil published 6 May 2011:

F(4)-neuroprostanes mediate neurological severity in Rett syndrome.   Clin Chim Acta.

BACKGROUND: Rett syndrome (RTT) is a pervasive development disorder, mainly caused by mutations in the methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) gene. No reliable biochemical markers of the disease are available. Here we assess F(4)-neuroprostanes (F(4)-NeuroPs), lipid peroxidation products of the docosahexaenoic acid, as a novel disease marker in RTT and correlate it with clinical presentation, MeCP2 mutation type, and disease progression. In addition, we investigate on the impact of ω-3 ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

Articles on Fish Oil published 5 May 2011:

An Approach for Quantitatively Balancing Methylmercury Risk and Omega-3 Benefit in Fish Consumption Advisories.   Environ Health Perspect.

Background: Nearly all fish consumption advisories for methylmercury (MeHg) are based only on risk. There is a need to also address benefits, especially those from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in neurodevelopmental function and cardiovascular health. However, because MeHg and PUFA generally act on these same endpoints, disentangling risk and benefit is challenging. Objectives: An approach for balancing risk and benefit is proposed that is based on the use of statistically dissociated ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

Relation between Methylmercury Exposure and Plasma Paraoxonase Activity in Inuit Adults from Nunavik.   Environ Health Perspect.

Background: Methylmercury (MeHg) exposure has been linked to an increased risk of coronary heart diseases (CHD). Paraoxonase 1 (PON1), an enzyme located in the high density lipoprotein (HDL) fraction of blood lipids, may protect against CHD by metabolizing toxic oxidized lipids associated with low density liproprotein and HDL. MeHg has been shown to inhibit PON1 activity in vitro but this effect has not been studied in human populations. Objectives: This study was conducted to determine whether ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

Towards a whole-body systems [multi-organ] lipidomics in Alzheimer's disease.   Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids.

Preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 fatty acid derived from diet or synthesized in the liver, decreases the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). DHA levels are reduced in the brain of subjects with AD, but it is still unclear whether human dementias are associated with dysregulations of DHA metabolism. A systems biological view of omega-3 fatty acid metabolism offered unexpected insights on the regulation of DHA homeostasis in AD [1]. ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

Articles on Fish Oil published 4 May 2011:

A Combination of (ω-3) Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Polyphenols and L-Carnitine Reduces the Plasma Lipid Levels and Increases the Expression of Genes Involved in Fatty Acid Oxidation in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and HepG2 Cells.   Ann Nutr Metab, 58(2): 133-140.

Background: Hyperlipidemia and obesity are associated with metabolic syndrome and increased risk in developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Nutritional supplements, e.g. L-carnitine and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), exert lipid-lowering effects. Hence, the hypothesis that dietetic intervention reduces plasma lipid levels and metabolic enzymes in overweight hyperlipidemic subjects was tested. Subjects and Methods: In a prospective placebo-controlled double-blind study in 22 ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

Stearidonic Acid Soybean Oil Enriched with Palmitic Acid at the sn-2 Position by Enzymatic Interesterification for Use as Human Milk Fat Analogues.   J Agric Food Chem.

Stearidonic acid (SDA, C18:4n-3) enriched soybean oil may be added to the diet to increase intake of omega-3 fatty acids (FAs). Human milk fat has ≥60% of palmitic acid (PA), by weight, esterified at the sn-2 position to improve absorption of fat and calcium in infants. Enzymatic interesterification of SDA soybean oil and tripalmitin produced structured lipids (SLs) enriched with PA at the sn-2 position of the triacylglycerol. Reactions were catalyzed by Novozym 435 or Lipozyme TL IM under ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

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